Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 32. Chapters: 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajokull, Air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption, Consequences of the April 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption. Excerpt: The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajokull were volcanic events at Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland which, although relatively small for volcanic eruptions, caused enormous disruption to air travel across western and northern Europe over an initial period of six days in April 2010. Additional localised disruption continued into May 2010. The eruption was declared officially over in October 2010, when snow on the glacier did not melt. From April 14-20, ash covered large areas of northern Europe when the volcano erupted. About 20 countries closed their airspace (a condition known as ATC Zero) and it affected more than 100,000 travellers. The grounding of European flights avoided about 3.4410 kg of CO2 emissions per day, while the volcano emitted about 1.510 kg of CO2 per day. Seismic activity started at the end of 2009 and gradually increased in intensity until on 20 March 2010, a small eruption started rated as a 1 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. Beginning on 14 April 2010, the eruption entered a second phase and created an ash cloud that led to the closure of most of the European IFR airspace from 15 until 20 April 2010. Consequently, a very high proportion of flights within, to, and from Europe were cancelled, creating the highest level of air travel disruption since the Second World War. The second phase of the eruption started on 14 April 2010 and resulted in an estimated 250 million cubic metres (330,000,000 cu yd) (1/4 km) of ejected tephra. The ash plume rose to a height of approximately 9 kilometres (30,000 ft), which rates the explosive power of the eruption as a 4 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. By 21 May 2010, the second eruption phase had.