Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 31. Chapters: Battle of Jinan, Changqing District, China National Heavy Duty Truck Group, Daming Lake, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Jinan dialect, Jinan Great Southern Mosque, Jinan Olympic Sports Center, Jinan Olympic Sports Center Stadium, Jinan West Railway Station, Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport, Jiyang County, Licheng District, Jinan, Lingyan Temple, List of sites in Jinan, Lixia District, Nine Pinnacle Pagoda, Pingyin County, Shandong Airlines, Shandong Provincial Museum, Shanghe County, Shizhong District, Jinan, Thousand Buddha Mountain, Tianqiao District, Trolleybuses in Jinan, Zhangqiu. Excerpt: Jinan (Chinese: pinyin: J nan; Mandarin pronunciation: ) is the capital of Shandong province in Eastern China. The area of present-day Jinan has played an important role in the history of the region from the earliest beginnings of civilization and has evolved into a major national administrative, economic, and transportation hub. The city, which holds sub-provincial administrative status, is located in north-western Shandong about 400 kilometres (250 mi) south of the national capital of Beijing, it borders Liaocheng to the southwest, Dezhou to the northwest, Binzhou to the northeast, Zibo to the east, Laiwu to the southeast, and Tai'an to the south. The modern-day name "Jinan" literally means "south of the Ji (Waters)" and refers to the old Ji River that had flowed to the north of the city until the middle of the 19th century. The Ji River disappeared in 1852 when the Yellow River changed its course northwards and took over its bed. The current pronunciation of the character "Ji" with the third tone ("j ") was established in the late 1970s. Prior to this, it was pronounced with the fourth tone ("ji"). Older texts spell the name as "Tsinan" (Wade-Giles romanizaton) or "Chi-nan." During the times of the Zhou Dynasty (1045...