Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 29. Chapters: Leon Cahun, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Ne mutlu Turkum diyene, Nihal Ats z, Pan-Turkism. Excerpt: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (pronounced; 19 May 1881 (Conventional) - 10 November 1938) was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey. His surname, Ataturk (meaning "Father of the Turks"), was granted to him (and forbidden to any other person) in 1934 by the Turkish parliament. Ataturk was a military officer during World War I. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, he led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies. His military campaigns led to victory in the Turkish War of Independence. Ataturk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular and European nation-state. Under his leadership, thousands of new schools were built, primary education was made free and compulsory, while the burden of taxation on peasants was reduced. The principles of Ataturk's reforms, upon which modern Turkey was established, are referred to as Kemalism. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born in the early months of 1881, either in the Ahmed Suba neighbourhood or in Islahhane Street (present-day Apostolou Pavlou Street) in the Koca Kas m Pasha neighbourhood (this house is preserved as a museum) in Salonica (present-day Thessaloniki), Ottoman Empire, to his mother Zubeyde Han m (a housewife) and father Ali R za Efendi (a militia officer, title-deed clerk and lumber trader). Only one of Mustafa's siblings, a sister named Makbule (Atadan) survived childhood; she died in 1956....