Others is the third work produced by a collaborative research project involving primatologists and anthropologists on the evolutionary historical foundations of human sociality, after the publication of groundbreaking volumes titled Groups and Institutions. This book presents cutting edge research into the meaning of “the other” and the dynamic process of “othering”. Each of the eighteen chapters examines various aspects of “others” via the researchers’ specialties, with subject matter ranging from the disappearance of the alpha male in a chimpanzees group to the way the other is produced amongst Canadian Inuit through their relationship with wild animals. What is generated is a unique collection of essays that is both grounded in empirical evidence and strengthened by its intricate engagement with the depth and breadth of theoretical work on the topic of “the other”, as it furthers our understanding of the nature of human sociality.
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Tables
Acknowledgements
Contributors

Introduction--Finding "Others" from an Evolutionary Perspective: The Search for the Evolutionary Historical Foundations of Human Sociality
Kaori Kawai

Part I: Aspects of Others: Emergence, Formation and Transformation

1 Approving Others and Incomprehensible Others in Primate Society
Suehisa Kuroda
2 Are Animals "Others" or Are There "Others" to Animals?
Michio Nakamura
3 When Others Appear
Toru Soga
4 "The Other Who Can Refuse": A Precondition for Transition to Human Society
Kōji Kitamura
5 Empathy and Social Evolution: The Human History of Understanding Others
Hitoshige Hayaki

Part II: Others and Other Groups: How to Interact with the Counterpart

6 Who Is the Alpha Male? The Appearance of the "Other" in Chimpanzee Society
Hitonaru Nishie
7 Encountering the "Other": How Chimpanzees Face Indeterminacy
Noriko Itoh
8 When Pricking Up One's Ears for the Voices of Strangers: Others in Chimpanzee Society
Shunkichi Hanamura
9 The Origins of "Consideration for One's Enemy": What Kind of Others Are Neighboring Groups to the Dodoth?
Kaori Kawai

Part III: The Representation and Ontology of Others in Humankind

10 The Ontology of the Other: The Evolutionary Basis of Human Sociality and Ethics in the Formation and Continuation of Inuit Society
Keiichi Omura
11 Ancestral Spirits, Witchcraft and Phases of the Other in Everyday Life: The Case of the Bemba People of Zambia
Yuko Sugiyama
12 The "Face" and the Other: Muslim Women Behind the Veil
Ryoko Nishii
13 Morality and Instrumentality: A Practical Approach to Theorizing the Other
Masakazu Tanaka

Part IV: The Expanding Horizons of the Theory of Others

14 The Spirit as the Other: From the Iban Ethnography
Motomitsu Uchibori
15 A History of the Distance Between Humans and Wildlife
Gen Yamakoshi
16 Toward the Environmental Others: An Ethological Essay on Equilibrium and Coexistence
Kaoru Adachi
17 Society as a "Story": Work Sharing, Cooperative Breeding and the Evolution of Otherness
Yūji Takenoshita
18 The Turing Test in the Wild: When Non Human "Things" Become Others
Ikuya Tokoro

Epilogue--Future Agenda, Others as an Affliction: Tripartite Relationships and the Tetrahedral Model
Takeo Funabiki

Notes
Bibliography
Index

霊長類学と人類学の知見を融合させた本作は、「他者」という概念から人間性の根源を照射する壮大な知の探究です。チンパンジーの社会構造から極北の狩猟民の宇宙観まで、多様なフィールドから導き出されるのは、私たちが他者と出会い、関係を築く過程こそが進化的本質であるという真理です。自己と世界の境界線を揺さぶる視座は、読者を未知なる知的興奮へと誘います。 単なる学術的考察に留まらず、他者を理解しようとする営みそのものを「共生への希望」として描く筆致には、文学的な深みさえ漂います。不確実な存在としての他者を認め、受け入れるための哲学的考察は、分断の進む現代においてかつてない切実さを持ちます。他者の眼差しを通じて己の輪郭が再定義される、魂を揺さぶる至高の一冊です。