This reference book explores various aspects of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), including their pathophysiology, treatment options, and disease control strategies. The initial chapter provides an overview of VL, its global impact, and pathogenesis. It also examines the development of PKDL from VL, outlining the transition from the acute form of the disease to the chronic dermal condition. The book further explores the symptoms and diagnosis of both VL and PKDL. Furthermore, the book delves into the immunopathogenesis of both VL and PKDL, shedding light on the complex interactions between the parasite and the host immune system. It reviews the impact of environmental factors, particularly the contamination of arsenic and antimony in drinking water, on the progression of the disease. Lastly, the book discusses preventive measures for PKDL and highlights the major challenges in effectively implementing these strategies. This book serves as a useful resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers seeking to deepen their understanding of these diseases and develop effective strategies for their prevention and control. Key features Provides in-depth coverage of VL and PKDL, including pathogenesis, treatment, and disease control strategies Elucidates the symptoms and diagnostic methods for VL and PKDL Offers insights into the complex immunopathogenesis of VL and PKDL, exploring the interactions between parasites and host immune system Examines treatment options for both VL and PKDL, including current therapeutic approaches and emerging strategies Reviews the impact of environmental factors, such as arsenic and antimony contamination, on the disease progression Discusses preventive measures and challenges in implementing effective strategies for PKDL prevention and control