Agrifood systems are undergoing significant changes, driven by technological advances, scientific discoveries, and the need to become more sustainable and resilient. In response, new food sources and production systems (NFPS) are emerging worldwide, with the potential to alter the global food landscape over the next 5 to 25 years.The FAO Food Safety Foresight Programme conducted a multi-phase foresight exercise to explore potential food safety implications of emerging new food sources and production systems. Through expert consultations and a structured methodology combining a two-part Delphi survey and mind mapping, the exercise identified 44 emerging innovations across nine clusters expected to develop between now and 2050.The exercise revealed both opportunities and challenges associated with the innovations, highlighting the need for proactive preparation by food safety authorities and other stakeholders to ensure the safe development and implementation of these innovations while protecting public health. Several steps were identified as necessary to achieving this: improving communication on the safety implications of NFPS, fostering technical advancement for safety assurance, developing tailored safety assessments, encouraging collaboration between regulators and industry, and harmonizing regulatory requirements while maintaining safety standards.The findings also highlighted various social, technological, economic, environmental and political issues that must be addressed for the safe integration of these innovations into food systems. Continuous monitoring and assessment of emerging NFPS issues is crucial to better understand the long-term implications for food safety and public health.