The outbreak of the epidemic has continuously refreshed human understanding of various pathogens, and the pandemic of infectious diseases has caused more serious damage to human public health and socio-economic development. Up to now, there is no specific antiviral drug for most viral infections, and vaccination is the excellent weapon to effectively control epidemics and even eliminate infectious diseases. However, due to the strong mutation ability of viruses, especially RNA viruses, and the insufficient research on the pathogenic mechanism and immune mechanism of viral infections, the application of traditional vaccine technology may not be effective in dealing with new pathogens with no characteristics. In addition, traditional vaccines also have disadvantages such as high preparation costs, long research and development cycles, and may not induce protective responses. Based on the above facts, establishing a new vaccine technology and a universal vaccine technology platform that can quickly develop and produce a large number of affordable vaccines has become an urgent research topic to be solved. In recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology, various new technologies have developed rapidly. This Research Topic will focus on the widespread application of new technologies such as targeted attenuated vaccine technology, genetic engineering vaccines, peptide antigen vaccines, viral vector vaccines, nucleic acid vaccine technology, new adjuvant technologies, the development of therapeutic cytokines and antibodies, as well as antiviral drugs, providing new hope and choices for the prevention and treatment of various animal diseases. We welcome you to provide relevant research articles, comments, and original research.