Brazil has famously been called a country of contradictions. A place where narratives of "racial democracy" exist in the face of stark inequalities, where politics can swing dramatically between the right and left, and where the natural environment is celebrated as a point of national pride, but at the same time is exploited at alarming rates. To people on the outside looking in, these contradictions seem hard to explain. Understanding Contemporary Brazil tackles these problems head-on, providing the perfect critical introduction to Brazil's ongoing social, political, economic, and cultural complexities. In this significant new edition, the authors reflect on the rise of right-wing populism during the Bolsonaro era, as well as expanded coverage of increasing violence against Indigenous groups, deforestation, gender equality, public security, political polarization, the growth of evangelical Christianity, and the role of social media. All of this further enriches the book's existing strengths in discussions of national identity, urban issues, social movements, economic development, politics and government. Throughout the book, "suggested English readings", extensive bibliographies, maps, and figures serve to help to guide the reader's learning. By considering more broadly the historical, political, economic, and socio-cultural roots of Brazil’s internal dynamics, this interdisciplinary book equips readers with the contextual understanding and critical insight necessary to explore this fascinating country. Authoritative and engaging, Understanding Contemporary Brazil is ideal for university students and researchers, yet also accessible to general readers looking to learn more about one of the world's largest and most significant countries.