This book addresses both fundamental issues and applications in the field of x-ray and inner-shell processes induced by photons, particles, or nuclear conversion. The volume contains the invited talks and all papers have been peer reviewed. This meeting brings scientists together from different disciplines of x-ray science and technology. Focus has been given to the applications of the high brilliance synchrotron x- ray sources in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and related fields. The book is of interest to scientists in atomic, molecular and solid state physics using synchrotron radiation sources, plasma and x-ray lasers, manufacturers of x-ray equipment, electron and ion analysis apparatus, semiconductor industry chemical industry requiring advanced analytical equipment. Topics include: historical reviews; new x-ray sources and techniques; advances in x-ray optics; photoionization processes and highly charged ions; atomic and nuclear x-ray processes; x-ray scattering; x-ray applications to solids and surfaces; and biological applications.