Given recent global crises, the imperative to preserve and analyze online content has never been more vital to enhancing our comprehension of contemporary changes. This book, the outcome of the 5th international RESAW conference that convened experts from fifty disciplines across seventeen countries in Marseille in June 2023, tackles the multifaceted challenges of web archiving. It underscores the dual roles of web archiving, as cultural heritage and as essential source material for researchers delving into contemporary events and the evolution of digital culture. Through twenty chapters, it explores the development of web archiving and examines how technical, cultural, geopolitical, societal, and environmental shifts impact its conception, study, and dissemination.