This monograph introduces a new mathematical model in population dynamics that describes two species sharing the same environmental resources in a situation of open hostility. Its main feature is the expansion of the family of Lotka-Volterra systems by introducing a new term that defines aggression. Because the model is flexible, it can be applied to various scenarios in the context of human populations, such as strategy games, competition in the marketplace, and civil wars. Drawing from a variety of methodologies within dynamical systems, ODEs, and mathematical biology, the authors' approach focuses on the dynamical properties of the system. This is accomplished by detecting and describing all possible equilibria, and analyzing the strategies that may lead to the victory of the aggressive population. Techniques typical of two-dimensional dynamical systems are used, such as asymptotic behaviors regulated by the Poincaré–Bendixson Theorem. A New Lotka-Volterra Model of Competition With Strategic Aggression will appeal to researchers and students studying population dynamics and dynamical systems, particularly those interested in the cross section between mathematics and ecology.