The analysis of this book reveals that there is a low recognition of publicness in education among the people of Japan. Thus, paying as much as possible for one’s children becomes a natural part of parental affection, and educational achievements are considered to be of private benefit, having been obtained through individual effort. . . . There are many people who share in not knowing what function school education serves, and these people probably do not feel very strongly that education must be maintained by investing public expenditure in it.