Diary of a Madman" is a chilling and darkly humorous first-person narrative that chronicles the gradual descent into insanity of Aksenty Ivanovich Poprishchin, a low-ranking civil servant in 19th-century St. Petersburg. Presented as a series of diary entries, the story initially reveals Poprishchin's frustrations with the rigid social hierarchy and his unrequited infatuation with Sophie, the daughter of his director. As his diary progresses, Poprishchin's grip on reality begins to loosen, marked by increasingly bizarre entries that detail his "overhearing" conversations between two dogs, one of whom belongs to Sophie, revealing her disdain for him and her romantic interest in a more socially prominent individual. These fantastical elements serve as early indicators of Poprishchin's deteriorating mental state, blurring the lines between reason and madness. As his delusions intensify, Poprishchin's diary entries become increasingly erratic and illogical, filled with grandiose pronouncements and a complete detachment from reality. He begins to believe that he is not merely a titular councilor but the rightful King of Spain, whose enemies have orchestrated his exile. His diary entries reflect this delusion, featuring nonsensical dates and pronouncements about Spanish affairs, interspersed with moments of lucidity that starkly contrast with his deepening psychosis. The story culminates with Poprishchin's confinement in an asylum, which he perceives as his arrival in Spain, where he is subjected to humiliating and painful treatments by the "Spanish monks". The diary ends with Poprishchin's desperate and heart-wrenching pleas for his mother, a poignant reminder of his lost sanity and the tragic consequences of his alienation from society. Gogol's "Diary of a Madman" is a powerful exploration of themes such as madness, alienation, social status anxiety, and the fragility of the human mind in the face of societal pressures and unfulfilled desires. The story's innovative narrative structure and psychological depth have made it a significant work in the development of Russian literature. This modern edition features a contemporary translation from the original Russian manuscript, making his surrealist and existential literature accessible to readers, and enhanced by an illuminating afterword that focuses on Gogol's relationship with Dostevsky, Tolstoy and Turgenev and his influence of Kafka and other surrealist/ absurdist writers, a concise biography (including his Ukrainian heritage), and a detailed chronology of his life and major works. This robust reader's edition introduces readers to the brilliance of Gogol's literature and the context in which he wrote.