Frontiers in Sleep is committed to advancing developments in the field of sleep research by communicating scientific knowledge to researchers and the public alike, to enable the scientific breakthroughs of the future. In particular, the journal welcomes submissions that support and advance the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 3: good health and well-being. A better understanding of the impact of deficient and poor-quality sleep and sleep disorders on physical and mental health and performance is highly relevant with as many as 45% of the world’s population currently affected. Here we are pleased to introduce this Theme book entitled ‘Research Highlights from the first 100 accepted articles in Frontiers in Sleep’ edited by our Chief Editors of Frontiers in Sleep. This ebook aims to celebrate the milestone of the first 100 accepted articles in our journal by recognizing highly deserving authors and their outstanding research projects. The work presented here spotlights the broad diversity of exciting research performed across the journal. We hope you enjoy our selection of key articles. We also thank all authors, editors, and reviewers of Frontiers in Sleep for their contributions to our journal and look forward to another exciting year in 2024.