This is the first book on the history of the Jews in ancient and medieval Armenia. Drawing on literary, epigraphical and archaeological sources, the book assembles and analyses the information available on this community from earliest times to the fourteenth century. It takes account of many types of evidence bearing on its history including documents from the Cairo Geniza, newly uncovered inscriptions, medieval itineraria, and diplomatica. This book shows that the communis opinio that there were few if any Jews in ancient and medieval Armenia, must now be discarded.