Paris welcomed Gerald Murphy, whose billboard-sized cubist icon dominated the 1924 Salon des Independants and launched a brief but brilliant career; Stuart Davis, who explored the continuity between cubist painting, lithography, and jazz at the atelier Desjobert; Man Ray, who abandoned oils to begin "painting with light" in his movies and rayographs; and Alexander Calder whose wire circuses and portraits inspired critics to acknowledge art's inherent playfulness.