Prompted by the considerable impact and substantial potential of recent advances and emerging possibilities in gene technology, biomarkers and 'omics' technologies, nanobiotechnology, stem cells, and companion diagnostics on reliable diagnosis and effective therapy of various cancers, the authors have attempted to produce a fully-updated and comprehensive outline of the applications of exploitable nanoscience and nanotechnology in combating cancer. The study also introduces the reader to nucleic acids (especially dynamic DNA), gene mutations, virus-like particles, immunology and vaccines, plant nutraceuticals and the sunshine superstar (the wonder vitamin D) in the context of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancers. While taking the reader on an exciting journey through several disciplines such as ayurveda, allopathy, traditional and complementary medicine, chemotherapy and nanomedicine, some closely related issues of general health and diseases other than cancer are also touched upon briefly wherever relevant.