The aim of the book has been to focus on the origin, occurance, migration (of petroleum, exploration, drilling or mining of the hydrocarbons, and their uses, particularly the petrochemicals. Side by side, an attempt has been made to divert the attention of the people on the fact that it take a lot of painful efforts to extract petroleum and coal. Though it is a fact that the world cannot survive without these two non-renewable resources, it should be seen that the wants are minimized as far as possible.