Quality of Human Resources: Gender and Indigenous Peoples theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Human Resources Policy, Development and Management in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme appears extremely important in a world which more than ever is in need of all its human resources for life support systems. Many of such resources have yet not been adequately tapped and are either not visible or unrecognized. The contributions to this volume range from the indigenous populations in different parts of the world to women, youth and children. This volume provides some of the essential aspects and a myriad of issues of great relevance to our world such as: Human Resources Challenge: Major Potentially Disadvantaged People; The Forest in Indigenous Culture ; Tribal Autonomy and Life Support Systems; Emerging Environmental Issues for Indigenous Peoples; Cultivation and Households: The Basics for Nurturing Human Life; Gender, Men, and Masculinities; Gender Dimensions to Life Sustainable Systems; Women and Family, and Sustainable Development; Gender and Environment: Lessons to Learn; Environment and New Generations; Environmental Education ; Youth Towards the Third Millennium; The Convention on the Rights of the Child; Education and Children's Rights; Immunization and Children's Health; International Regulation of Children's Rights which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. This volume is aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers, NGOs and GOs.