Change management is an approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations to a desired future state. In a project management context, change management may refer to a project management process wherein changes to the scope of a project are formally introduced and approved. or the definition of change management defined on this page Theories about how organizations change draw on many disciplines, from psychology and behavioral science, through to engineering and systems thinking. The underlying principle is that change does not happen in isolation - it impacts the whole organization (system) around it, and all the people touched by it. In order to manage change successfully, it is therefore necessary to attend to the wider impacts of the changes. As well as considering the tangible impacts of change, it's important to consider the personal impact on those affected, and their journey towards working and behaving in new ways to support the change. Contents: List of Figures 6 1 Change Management 7 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 Reasons for Change 7 1.2 Origins of Change Management 9 2 Concepts of Change Management 13 2.1 Lewin's Change Theory 13 2.2 Chin & Benne's "Effecting Changes in Human System" 13 2.3 Bullock and Batten's Phases of Planned Change 14 2.4 Beckhard and Harris change formula 16 2.5 7-S Model 16 The Change Process 18 3.1 Initiating a Top-Down Change 18 3.2 Initiating a Bottom-Up Change 20 4 Change Management Projects 31 4.1 External and internal influences 31 4.2 Change strategies and approaches 34 4.3 Examples of failed change management projects 37 4.4 Pitfalls in a change management project 39 4.4 Bringing Change to Success 45 5 Conclusion - The 4C-Toolbox of Change Management 49