This dissertation, "Develop Students' Spatial Ability With Physical and Virtual Manipulatives" by Yu-fung, Lee, 李如鳳, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: ABSTRACT This dissertation describes a qualitative study which examined the spatial ability of two secondary school students in Hong Kong. Purpose of this case study was to gain a better understanding on whether the use of physical and virtual manipulatives could develop students' spatial ability as they engaged in spatial activities and the different effects brought to students using different manipulatives. A student using physical manipulatives was compared to a student using virtual manipulatives. Comparisons were based on the transcriptions of the activity sessions, students' scores on pretest and posttest measures of spatial relations and spatial visualization and their reflections towards the use of manipulatives. Results of the study indicated that the use of manipulatives does improve students' spatial ability. However, there is no evidence that one is better than the other. Research is needed to further investigate the effectiveness on the use of physical and virtual manipulatives. ii DOI: 10.5353/th_b3567780 Subjects: Manipulatives (Education) Spatial ability Geometry - Study and teaching (Secondary) - China - Hong Kong