Why does citizenship emerge, historically, and why does it maintain traction, even if in compromised forms? How can citizenship and democracy be revived? Learning from history and building on emerging social and political developments, David Jacobson and Manlio Cinalli provide the foundations for citizenship's third revolution. They consider three historical periods for citizenship and reveal the underlying principles of citizenship--and its radical promise. Jacobson and Cinalli demonstrate how the effective functioning of citizenship depends on human connections that are relational and non-contractual, illustrate how rights can undermine as well as reinforce civic society, and document the emerging foundations of a "21st century guild" as a basis for repairing our democracies.