This book is the result of an investigation of the osteology in the turtle (Trachemys callirostris callirostris) and the morrocoya or morrocoy (Chelonoidis carbonaria), motivated by the need to identify at the level of species, multiple fragments of turtles that we recovered in the excavations of archeological sites. This level of detail is justified, since only in this way it is possible to derive from such studies valuable information about fundamental aspects for the reconstruction of human trajectories such as the interaction between humans and the enviroment, different species, biogeographic history and, in general, the cultural patterns associated with the appropriation of the Fauna.